The ability to solve problems or create a product of value in different cultures is, for neuropsychologist Howard Gardner, the definition of intelligence. Gardner is renowned for his theory of multiple intelligences, according to which humans have at least eight types of intelligence or eight innate abilities. In his book, “Multiple Intelligences,” he talks about the cognitive intelligences we have and summarizes them into eight types.
Intelligence used to solve logical and mathematical problems. It is the ability to use deductive reasoning and calculate correctly. This is the intelligence that scientists, mathematicians, engineers and those who use calculations and deductions (work with abstract concepts, develop experiments) use the left hemisphere of the brain.
- Intelligence to use words orally or emotionally.
- A known level of this intelligence can be seen in writers.
- Journalists.
- Communicators.
- People who can learn languages.
- Write stories.
- Read.
- Etc.
- Who use both hemispheres of the brain.
It is the intelligence that the whole body uses to express ideas and feelings, but also the ability to use hands to transform objects, such as craftsmanship, balance capacity, flexibility, speed, coordination, as well as kinesthetic ability or perception. measures and volumes, manifest themselves in this kind of intelligence. Athletes, surgeons, craftsmen, dancers are the best known examples.
It is intelligence that perceives, transforms and defines music and its forms. This type of intelligence is associated with sensitivity, rhythm, tone and timbre. Present among composers, conductors, musicians, etc. People who are attracted to the sounds of nature or melodies and who accompany the rhythm, hitting some object to the rhythm with the foot or hand.
It is the ability to think in three dimensions. An ability that allows us to perceive external and internal images, transform or modify them, produce or decode graphic information. Pilots, sculptors, painters, sailors, and architects are obvious examples. People who like to make maps, photographs, drawings, diagrams, etc. house plans.
It is the ability to differentiate, classify, and use the environment; objects, animals or plants (both urban and rural). Skills of observation, reflection and consideration around us. Farmers, biologists, hunters, environmentalists. It is possible to notice this in people who love and live with plants and animals.
It is the ability to empathize with others, to adopt a particular sensitivity to understand facial expressions, voice, gestures, posture and the ability to respond appropriately, present among renowned politicians, vendors and teachers.
It is the intelligence to build accurate self-assessments and the ability to control your own life, this includes reflection, self-misunderstanding and self-esteem, can be seen in theologians, psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, among others.
This theory considers that all human beings have the eight intelligences, to an increasing degree, but it indicates that there are no pure styles. Gardner says that school education should allow students to study in accordance with their intelligence capabilities and abilities, to build on their strengths, train young people to face an increasingly competitive world.
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