We talked and heard a lot about Freud, but do you know other schools and psychoanalysis writers?
From a magical-religious conception to Freud’s sofa, there were some signs of active listening and concern for people with mental disabilities, from Father Joan Jofré in Valencia with his asylum of the mentally ill to the treatment of the community to listen to the sick. not as a madman, but as a messenger of the word of God.
- There are many attempts to do psychology.
- Because.
- As Skinner said.
- In fact politics will not save us.
- It is only with the knowledge of ourselves that we will have a chance.
- We have evolved as a species almost by trial and error.
- Making no great effort to separate everything that.
- If not true.
- Has been taken as such in the process.
Therefore, we will analyze a look that can be considered one of the first formal approaches to psychology, often attacked and ignored, but which, because of its interest in the analysis of certain clinical cases, planted the germ of this exciting science.
Freud’s fascination and his work have limits as broad as it is diffuse, today many consider him a mere speculator, far from the light emanating from the scientific method; however, others see him as a visionary who has seen human beings. and their problems from a revolutionary perspective.
We owe to Freud the first serious approach to human subjectivity, something revolutionary, what distinguishes us, why we behave one way and not another, at the same time, we also need an understanding of the cause and nourishment of neurosis .
Explanations such as the Oedipus complex, the fear of castration, the origin of all psychological problems due to poorly defined sexual libido are completely excluded from a serious and scientific study of a psychological theory, and all coincidentally refer more to the study of origin. . childhood disorder than studying an adult in consultation.
However, we should thank Freud for the detailed description of clinical cases. Also by identifying certain unconscious phenomena, such as suggestion, the law of fluctuating care, resistance or transfer and countertransfer, which today are well articulated within the framework of therapy.
Alfred Adler was one of the first authors of psychoanalysis to disagree with Freud, as he advocated a finalist approach, beyond a causal approach, to behavior. The truth is that many of our behaviors are caused by the purpose for which they are achieved. but other times this doesn’t happen. If not, think of a child who has been asked to fix your room: the goal is the tidy room, the cause is the fact that your mother ordered it.
In addition, Adler defends self-strengthening against the “natural”. I’m Freudian. It talks about the individual lifestyle marked by early relationships with the family, family values, and family constellation. Adler refers to the individual’s development not as a response to libido, but as a desire to overcome his organic inferiority.
On the other hand, Jung differs from Freud in his concept of unconscious: for Jung, transcends the individual, the treatment will seek a broader vision on how to understand the process of individualization, speaks of different collective archetypes and psychological types. Your reading is recommended and passionate.
“Loneliness comes not from not having people around you, but from not being able to communicate to you the things that are important to you or from supporting certain points that others consider unacceptable. -Carl Jung-
On the other hand, many Freudian followers who identified with part of their legacy have downplayed, to a greater or lesser extent, the importance of sexuality in the development of neurosis; some followers have also downplayed the role of the unconscious, focused on the cultural and social field, interpersonal relationships or paid more attention to the experiences and circumstances that occurred at the time with the patient. Some of these neofreudians would be Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Harry S. Sullivan.
In the analytical tradition of self, another stream of psychoanalysis, we find his daughter Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Erik Erikson and Bolwlby, a group that attaches special importance to the functions of the self, giving him great importance in interpersonal relationships, precisely as the engine of the construction of that self.
It should be noted authors such as Melanie Klein and her development of play in therapy or Winnicott’s transitional object theory, if it is studied and recognized by other currents.
In addition, Anna Freud stands out in this psychoanalytic current for its famous defense mechanisms: repression, regression, reactive training, retroactive annulment, introjection, projection, isolation, reversal against itself and transformation in it in another way or by sublimation.
“Creative minds are known to be able to survive any kind of poor learning. – Anna Freud-
Erik Erikson found fame and prestige in describing the steps of the self and his theory is widely accepted for his clinical usefulness Within the framework defined by Erikson, there would be eight stages of the human being and his antithesis: trust/distrust, autonomy. / shame, initiative/guilt, constructivity/inferiority, identity/confusion of roles, intimacy/isolation, generativity/stagnation, self-integrity/despair.
To conclude at this point, we note that John Bowlby had a great influence on his attachment theory, the articulation of his theory is widely accepted as a useful frame of reference to understand how children relate to their figures of reference. From this very important type of relationship and its dynamics, how we build our other relationships as we grow.
It would be impossible to describe all the wealth of schools and psychoanalysis authors that have been emerging over time, although it is worth naming some for their greater weight and influence:
We may or may not accept Freud’s thoughts, but we cannot deny that his thinking represented a revolution in the way we understand our actions and the motivations behind them. It also represented a touch of attention, giving rise to an idea that we take into account today: in our distant past memories have formed, conscious or unconscious, that condition our current behavior.