Reading learning is a slow and progressive process that requires the practical application of various cognitive and extralinguistic skills, yet there are many factors that directly or indirectly influence the acquisition of this habit, especially in children. not only can they adapt to reading, but they can also make learning interactive and fun.
These factors can be divided into emotional, physical and intellectual, however, many times the latter factor tends to be considered fundamental, but it is true that those of a psychological and environmental nature can also be the causes of the success or failure of the reader. . Let’s take a look at each of them.
- One of the essential ingredients for learning to read is the educational attitude of parents and teachers.
- On many occasions.
- Although fortunately not all.
- Certain adult behaviors can make this process very difficult for children.
This is the case, for example, of overprotection. If the little one feels excessively pampered and protected, facing new challenges, it is very likely that he will feel very insecure and eventually dodge him. Similarly, excessive permissiveness reduces personal discipline, responsibility and the acquisition of good habits. Lack of rules can make the child feel unmotivated when a new activity begins that may require effort.
Similarly, excessive pressure from the family and teacher also negatively influences the child. Comments like? Are you late with your teammates?They end morale and discouragement, and they can even lead the child to give up.
The worst thing is that this disappointment and disappointment at learning to read tends to affect everything related to school, we see the dreaded school failure, accompanied by an inevitable feeling of inferiority on the part of the little one, problems of adaptation and interaction can also occur. in his peer group.
Vision and hearing are essential physiological functions for strong reading ability, in fact, some authors consider hearing ability to be even more important than vision in the high stages of reading learning.
The lack of visual acuity or balance of the eye muscles can affect the ability to read, in the same way, hearing loss (hearing impairment) also affects the process; However, if both difficulties are detected before age 3, the prospects for language and reading development are better.
Numerous studies assess girls’ early maturity compared to boys; this intellectual anticipation is attributed to the increased dominance of the left hemisphere, so reading this brain hemisphere tends to be done with fewer errors and with better understanding.
Thus, a first condition for the child to learn to read correctly is hemispheric lateralization or at least a preference for the use of one of the two sides of the body, which would prevent interference from intermispheric brain indifference. If there is a lack of lateralization, a number of reading-influenced disorders, such as spelling and writing issues, may occur.
How many times do we sit down to read a book and five minutes later we realize we don’t understand anything?Being attentive is critical to understanding what is read to us. Otherwise, we will only make you see a set of letters, without treating them cognitively.
Understanding requires a series of extralinguistic processes that go beyond the lexical and semantic characteristics of words. These include interpreting, contextualizing, solving problems, and drawing conclusions. Understanding is more than purely sensory (see and hear). It’s about actively constructing the content of the text, the maximum of the reading pyramid. He’s decoding a message.
The more stimulating the child’s environment, the more beneficial the contribution, so the weight of parents in the process of learning to read their children is of crucial importance, and the reading habit of parents also decisively influences such an acquisition.
There are significant differences between children whose parents read frequently and children without this reference reader, for example, parents who are used to reading are more likely to read a book to their children before falling asleep or having stimuli that encourage reading at home, such as magazines, newspapers, and books.
On the other hand, some of the symptoms that often appear in children who don’t learn to read are excessive shyness or a tendency to blush very easily; it is common for them to also develop feelings of inferiority and something self-centered. They may also develop nervous habits as a result of a state of internal anxiety and develop behaviors such as nail biting or insomnia, so it is necessary to be extremely attentive to these situations to avoid this feeling of failure and widespread unhappiness. Remember, the importance given to the family influences the ability to learn to read.