Generalized anxiety disorder and its theoretical models
In one way or another, we all know the concept of, we know that each person is affected in a certain way and that there are several related disorders, one is generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, the DSM-5, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, addresses anxiety in a number of ways, one of which is Generalized Anxiety Disorder or GAD.
- This disorder is characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety and concerns that people may have difficulty controlling various events or activities associated with at least three symptoms of high physiological activation.
- In addition.
- In TAG.
- Anxiety or anxiety should be present almost every day.
- For at least 6 months.
The TAG was originally introduced as a single diagnosis in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III, APA, 1980); however, it has most often been used as a residual diagnosis for people who do not meet the diagnostic criteria requirements for other anxiety disorders (1).
In the dsm-III-R publication, the TAG was defined as a chronic and persuasive concern (2). Subsequently, in the publication of dsm-IV-TR, the TAG was characterized by excessive and uncontrolled concern on various topics and has been present for most days for at least six months The problem causes discomfort and/or functional deterioration and is associated with at least three of the following aspects:
Psychopharmaceuticals and cognitive behavioral therapy (TCC) appear to be effective in treating TAG (3, 4, 5). For this disorder, pharmacotherapy may be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms; however, medication does not appear to have a significant impact on anxiety, which is the defining characteristic of TAG (3).
The Anxiety Avoidance Model and TAG (6) are based on Mowrer’s two-phase fear theory (1974). This model derives from Foa and Kozak’s emotional treatment model (7, 8).
The MEP states that concern is a thought-based verbal language activity (9) that inhibits lived mental images and associated somatic and emotional activation, this inhibition of somatic and emotional experience prevents the emotional treatment of fear that is theoretically necessary for successful habituation and extinction. .
Under the Uncertainty Intolerance (DI) model, people with TAG consider situations of uncertainty or ambiguity to be “stressful and uncomfortable” and experience chronic anxiety in response to these situations. (Ten)
They believe that concern will help them more effectively cope with feared events or prevent them from happening (11:12). This concern, combined with the feelings of anxiety that accompany it, leads to a negative orientation towards the problem and cognitive. avoidance, factors that fuel anxiety.
Specifically, people who feel a negative orientation towards the problem: (10)
These thoughts serve to exacerbate your anxiety and anxiety (10)
The TAG metacognitive model (MMC) assumes that people with TAG experience two types of concerns: the Wells author first identifies type 1 concern; in this process, a concern for non-cognitive events, such as external situations or physical symptoms, is identified (Wells, 2005).
For Wells, people with TAG are starting to worry about their type 1 problem and fear that the problem will become uncontrollable or even inherently dangerous. Worried about worry? (i. e. meta-concern) is called, by Wells, a Type 2 concern.
This type 2 concern is associated with a set of ineffective strategies to avoid anxiety when trying to control behaviors, thoughts and/or emotions. (Ten)
The Model of Emotional Deregulation (DEM) is based on literature on the theory of emotion and the regulation of emotional states in general and consists of four central elements: (10)
According to the authors Roemer and Orsillo, the MBA has four components:
Thus, the creators of this model suggest that people with TAG have negative reactions to their own internal experiences and are motivated to try to avoid these experiences, which they do both behaviorally and cognitively (through repeated participation in the anxiety process).
Thus, it can be said that the five theoretical models have an important common aspect, that related to the consequences of avoiding internal experiences as an adaptation strategy; in recent years, research has made considerable progress in the theorization of this disorder. It remains a clear need for more fundamental research on the predictive components of the five models.